Licorice Root: Benefits, Uses, Precautions, and Dosage

Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a popular herb used for centuries in traditional medicine for its sweet flavor and wide range of health benefits. Known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and soothing properties, licorice root is commonly used to support digestive health, relieve respiratory conditions, and manage skin issues. However, its potent compounds, such as glycyrrhizin, require careful usage due to potential side effects, particularly with prolonged consumption.

Benefits of Licorice Root

1. Digestive Health

Licorice root extract has been shown to help manage symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux.

Research conducted in 2017 with 58 GERD patients revealed that using licorice root extract daily for two years provided better symptom relief than conventional antacid treatments.

Another study, published in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2023), found that licorice flavonoid (LF) helps heal stomach ulcers caused by alcohol in rats. LF reduces inflammation, helps repair stomach cells, and restores balance in gut bacteria by increasing helpful compounds called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It also activates a healing process in the stomach lining. The results suggest that LF could be a useful treatment for stomach ulcers.

One more randomized controlled trial, published in the Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases (2016), examined the effect of adding licorice to the standard treatment for Helicobacter pylori infections. It involved 120 patients with stomach issues, some with ulcers. One group received the usual antibiotic treatment, and the other group got the same treatment plus licorice. After six weeks, 83.3% of the patients who had licorice cleared the infection, compared to 62.5% in the regular treatment group. The study found that licorice improved the effectiveness of the treatment, especially for people with ulcers.

Also Read: 7 Uses and Benefits of Thyme Oil

2. Anti-inflammatory Properties

The anti-inflammatory effects of licorice root might be beneficial for skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis. Topical applications have shown promise in reducing redness and swelling associated with these conditions.

A 2022 review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences highlights the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)-derived compounds, such as glycyrrhizin (G) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), in treating intestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

These compounds have been shown to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and promote healing in intestinal tissues. While licorice shows promise in experimental models, further clinical studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety in human patients with IBD.

3. Antimicrobial Effects

Research suggests that licorice root has antimicrobial properties that may help combat infections and support overall immune function. Its use in treating sore throats and respiratory issues is also noted, although more clinical evidence is needed to substantiate these claims fully.

A 2015 review highlights the antiviral and antimicrobial properties of licorice, a traditional Chinese herb. Key components like glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) have shown effectiveness against viruses such as hepatitis C, herpes, and influenza by inhibiting virus replication and enhancing immune responses.

Licorice’s compounds also display antibacterial and antifungal properties, suggesting it as a potential natural remedy for infections. Further research could help develop licorice-based treatments for microbial diseases, especially in regions with limited healthcare access.

Also Read: The Powerful Anti-Aging Benefits of Spilanthol

4. Hormonal Balance

Some studies suggest that licorice by potentially helping individuals with low estrogen levels may help alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, potentially offering an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

A 2022 review published in Nutrition explores the effects of licorice on sex hormones and the reproductive system. The analysis included 28 studies and found that licorice components, such as flavonoids, have estrogen-like activity, potentially benefiting those with estrogen insufficiency.

Preclinical studies indicated weak antiandrogen properties and positive effects on gonadal function in both sexes. However, clinical results were inconsistent, likely due to variations in the type and dose of licorice used. The review concludes that while licorice can influence the reproductive system, further research is needed to clarify its role.

Another study assessed licorice root’s effectiveness in reducing menopausal hot flashes. Ninety women participated in an 8-week treatment with licorice or a placebo. Results showed that licorice significantly reduced the frequency and severity of hot flashes, with the effect lasting two weeks after treatment ended. The placebo group saw only temporary relief. Licorice was well-tolerated and could be a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for managing menopausal symptoms. Further research is recommended.

5. Potential Cancer Therapy

Preliminary studies have investigated the antiviral and anticancer properties of licorice compounds, showing potential in cancer therapy.

The article titled “Oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic potential of licorice triterpenoid compound glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: Molecular insights” was published in Pharmacological Research highlights the anticancer potential of licorice compounds glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). These compounds can induce cancer cell death, inhibit tumor growth, and prevent metastasis by modulating key cancer-related pathways. They also enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and protect against its side effects. However, long-term use of licorice may cause adverse effects, so caution is needed in its use.

A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, published in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, compared the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide (T) and licorice (L) mucoadhesive films in managing radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Sixty patients undergoing head and neck cancer radiotherapy were divided into two groups of 30, each receiving either T or L mucoadhesive films.

Pain and ulcer severity were assessed using the World Health Organization scale and visual analog scores. Both treatments significantly reduced pain during radiotherapy, with no notable difference between the two groups in pain scores. However, the licorice group showed a slight trend toward reduced oral discomfort. Overall, both treatments were effective in managing oral mucositis symptoms.

Uses of Licorice Root

Licorice root can be consumed in various forms, including:

Teas: Commonly brewed as herbal tea.
Powders: Used in cooking or as a supplement.
Extracts: Available in liquid form or capsules.
Topical Applications: Creams or gels for skin conditions.

Precautions

Despite its benefits, licorice root can pose health risks when consumed in excessive amounts or for extended periods:

1. Side Effects

High doses of glycyrrhizin can lead to serious side effects such as:

Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
Edema (swelling due to fluid retention)
Heart complications

2. Contraindications

Certain groups should avoid licorice root:

Individuals with heart disease or hypertension
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Those with kidney disease or low potassium levels
People taking medications that affect potassium levels or blood pressure

3. Drug Interactions

Licorice can interact with various medications, including:

Diuretics
Blood pressure medications
Corticosteroids
Blood thinners like warfarin

Recommended Dosage

There isn’t a set standard dosage for licorice, as it varies based on its form and the condition being treated. A 2021 review highlights that, for GERD, two 380-mg DGL tablets are recommended before meals. When it comes to asthma, there are a few dosing options:

1–5 grams of dried licorice root powder, taken three times a day
250–300 mg of licorice extract, taken three times a day

Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Scientific Committee of Food (SCF) advise keeping glycyrrhizin intake below 100 mg per day. DGL powders or capsules, which don’t contain glycyrrhizin, are another option, though their effectiveness compared to regular licorice remains unclear.

It’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before using licorice products.

Licorice root offers a range of potential health benefits, particularly for digestive health and inflammation. However, caution is advised due to possible side effects and contraindications. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential before starting any new supplement regimen involving licorice root, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking other medications.

While the historical use of licorice root is well-documented, ongoing research will help clarify its efficacy and safety profile in modern herbal medicine.

Disclaimer: The Statement has not been evaluated by the EFSA, KFDA or FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. While the information provided is based on credible references, we do not make any specific claims or guarantees. It is important to consult with your healthcare advisor for personalized advice and guidance related to your health.

References: