Andrographis paniculata, or Andrographis, is a medicinal herb long used in traditional Asian medicine, known as the “King of Bitters.” Its bitter taste and extensive use in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine highlight its significance. Recent scientific interest in Andrographis has surged due to its proven anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune-boosting properties.
Modern research, particularly focusing on andrographolide, the active compound in Andrographis, has validated its traditional uses. This article explores Andrographis’ traditional applications, scientifically-backed health benefits, and recommended dosages, offering a comprehensive overview based on the latest scientific evidence.
Uses of Andrographis
- Traditional Medicine: Historically, Andrographis has been used in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, inflammation, and infections. It is also used as a liver tonic.
- Immune Support: Andrographis is often used to enhance immune function and to support the body’s defense against common colds and flu. It is believed to stimulate the production of antibodies and activate white blood cells, which are crucial for immune response.
- Anti-inflammatory: The plant has anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in managing conditions like arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
Also Read: Food’s Role as an Immunomodulator
Health Benefits of Andrographis
1. Respiratory Health
Andrographis has been extensively studied for its effects on respiratory infections. Andrographis paniculata, a traditional medicinal herb, shows promise in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).
A systematic review of seven double-blind, controlled trials involving 896 participants indicated that A. paniculata effectively alleviates URTI symptoms better than a placebo. Reported adverse events were mild and infrequent. Despite potential publication bias and small sample sizes, the herb’s anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral, and immunostimulatory properties suggest it could be a safe and efficacious alternative to conventional treatments.
Further research is recommended to confirm these findings and explore its full therapeutic potential. This makes it a popular choice for natural relief during cold and flu seasons.
Also Read: Coconut Oil: Beneficial or Harmful?
2. Antiviral Properties
Recent research has highlighted the antiviral properties of Andrographis.
A study published in Scientific Reports explored the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from the Andrographis paniculata plant. Researchers tested different extracts on two types of viruses: HSV-1 (causes herpes) and influenza A (H3N2). They found that several extracts could stop these viruses from growing. One particular extract, APE-2C, was also very good at reducing inflammation.
Interestingly, the most effective extract for fighting the viruses, called APE-2B, did not contain a well-known compound called andrographolide, suggesting other substances in the plant are also important. This study suggests that Andrographis paniculata could be useful in creating new treatments for viral infections and inflammation. Further research is needed to understand which specific compounds are responsible for these effects.
3. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Andrographis contains potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Andrographis paniculata, known as “Kalmegh” or “King of Bitters,” is recognized for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A study in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology showed its methanolic extract significantly inhibited free radicals and nitric oxide in vitro.
In BALB/c mice, it reduced PMA-induced superoxide and nitric oxide formation and completely inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent for oxidative stress and inflammation, making it valuable in both traditional and modern medicine.
4. Gut Health
Emerging evidence suggests that Andrographis may benefit gut health.
Andrographolide, a compound from the herb Andrographis paniculata, shows promise in treating Gulf War Illness (GWI). Research has found that it helps restore gut health by increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful ones. It also strengthens the gut and brain barriers, reducing inflammation. Additionally, andrographolide decreases harmful brain cell activity and promotes brain health by increasing important growth factors. These benefits suggest that andrographolide could be useful in managing symptoms of GWI.
Andrographolide was also studied for its effects on mouse gut microbiota. Using high-throughput sequencing, it was found that while amoxicillin reduced microbial diversity and increased harmful bacteria, andrographolide maintained microbial diversity and promoted beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. The study concluded that andrographolide can enhance gut health by increasing beneficial bacteria without disturbing the overall microbial community, suggesting it as a promising alternative to antibiotics for maintaining intestinal health.
5. Liver Health
Andrographis is traditionally used to support liver function. Modern studies have confirmed its hepatoprotective effects. Andrographis paniculata, particularly andrographolide, protects the liver from inflammation due to microbes, antibiotics, or toxins. Used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, it shows potential in studies for liver protection. Standardized extracts might not offer quick relief but provide a safer, comprehensive therapy for liver inflammation compared to conventional drugs.
Recommended Dosage
The dosage of Andrographis can vary depending on the form and specific product. However, standard dosages based on clinical studies are as follows:
- Standardization: Most clinical trials used products standardized to 4 or 5 mg andrographolide per tablet.
- Dose Regimen: Recommended dose is two to four tablets, three times daily, during the first few days of a cold.
Precautions:
- Side Effects: No known side effects of andrographolide.
- Use in Pregnancy and Children: Not recommended due to insufficient safety data.
Andrographis paniculata is a versatile medicinal plant with a wide range of health benefits, supported by both traditional use and modern scientific research. Its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune-boosting properties make it a valuable addition to natural health regimens. As always, proper dosage and consultation with healthcare providers are essential to ensure safe and effective use.
References
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- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032030/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/andrographis
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570691/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25043965/
- https://shorturl.at/ifceZ
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711322006250
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416444/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304847/
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08923970600626007
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9997496/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46249-y
- https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-2004-818938.pdf
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