ʻO nā mea kanu me kahi waihona hōʻike paʻa a multi-stage e noho nei i mea maʻamau ʻole i ka māhele hoʻokele kaumaha. ʻO Theolim, kahi mea kanu ponoʻī i hoʻomohala ʻia e NaturMed Scientific, ua loiloi ʻia ma o kahi kaʻina o ka noiʻi preclinical a me ka noiʻi lapaʻau. Hōʻuluʻulu kēia ʻatikala i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hōʻike i paʻi ʻia i kēia manawa, nā mea i hōʻike ʻole ʻia, a no ke aha e pili ai ka ʻaoʻao palekana i nā mea kūʻai.
He aha ʻo Theolim?
ʻO Theolim kahi hui maʻamau a patent o nā ʻano mea kanu ʻelua: ka ʻili o ka lime Key (Citrus aurantifolia) a me ka hua o ke Koko (Theobroma koko), i kāwili ʻia ma ka lakio 2:1. ʻO nā mea kumu ʻelua he mau meaʻai i hoʻopau nui ʻia me nā mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kānaka. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mea hoʻohui i hoʻopau ʻia i nā pae liʻiliʻi loa o ka waikawa citric (5.0%), theobromine (0.5%), a me hesperidin (0.3%), a ua hana ʻia ma kahi hale hana hana hana maikaʻi i hōʻoia ʻia (Kundimi et al., 2024).
Ua koho ʻia ke ʻano hana ma hope o kahi kaʻina hana loiloi ʻōnaehana kahi i loiloi ʻia ai ma mua o 1,000 mau mea kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua e hoʻopuka i nā hopena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohui i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, kahi waiwai i kapa ʻia ma ka pharmacology he synergy (Kundimi et al., 2024).
Pae 1: Noiʻi Kelepona a me nā Holoholona
Ma kahi noiʻi hōʻoia-o-manaʻo i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of the American Nutrition Association, ua noiʻi ʻo Kundimi et al. (2024) iā Theolim i loko o nā moʻomeheu cell momona ʻiole a ma kahi kumu hoʻohālike holoholona o ka momona i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻai. I loko o nā cell momona, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Theolim e kākoʻo i ka hana ʻana o ka fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), kahi protein hōʻailona metabolic i komo i ka hoʻoponopono ikehu, a e kākoʻo i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) a me ka beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), ʻo nā protein ʻelua e pili ana i ka hana thermogenic i loko o ka ʻiʻo adipose. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau hopena i kahi kekelē nui me ka extract i hui pū ʻia ma mua o kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui wale nō (Kundimi et al., 2024).
I loko o nā ʻiole i hānai ʻia i ka meaʻai momona kiʻekiʻe, ua pili ka hoʻopihapiha waha ma luna o 28 mau lā me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻolilo ikehu hoʻomaha e pili ana i ka nui a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka nui o ka momona holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona i hoʻohui ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nui ka ʻai ʻana ma waena o nā hui i kēia wā (Kundimi et al., 2024). E like me nā noiʻi holoholona āpau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia kēia mau ʻike i nā hopena kanaka a ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma ke ʻano he hōʻike mua o ka mīkini.
Pae 2: Hoʻāʻo Crossover Kanaka ʻĀkiu
ʻO ke aʻo mua ʻana i ke kanaka he hoʻokolohua crossover randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled e pili ana i 60 mau pākeke momona nui i piha i ka makahiki 20 a 39 mau makahiki (BMI 25 a 29.9 kg/m²), i paʻi ʻia ma Food & Nutrition Research (Ammatalli et al., 2024). Ua loaʻa i nā mea komo kahi capsule 450 mg hoʻokahi o Theolim a i ʻole kahi placebo i kūlike, a ua ana ʻia ka metabolic rate hoʻomaha (RMR) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka calorimetry indirect ma 60, 120, a me 180 mau minuke ma hope o ka lāʻau, a me ka wā a ma hope o kahi kau o ka hoʻoikaika kino kaulike i ka lā aʻe.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka RMR ma ka hui Theolim ma mua o ka placebo ma nā manawa 120-minuke a me 180-minuke. Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka momona, ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ka momona ma ke ʻano he kumu wahie, he kiʻekiʻe loa ia ma ka hui Theolim i ka wā hoʻomaha a ma nā minuke 20 ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka placebo (Ammatalli et al., 2024).
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nui ke koko a me ka helu o ka puʻuwai ma waena o nā hui ma nā kūlana ʻelua, a ua noho nā waiwai āpau i loko o nā pae physiological maʻamau. Ua hoʻopaʻa pū nā mea komo i ka hui Theolim i nā helu haʻahaʻa ma kahi nīnau nīnau hoʻopilikia naʻau i hōʻoia ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui placebo (Ammatalli et al., 2024). ʻAʻohe hanana maikaʻi ʻole i hōʻike ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo nā mea kākau he haʻawina pōkole kēia, a pono ka noiʻi lōʻihi e loiloi i nā hopena mau.
Pae 3: Hoʻāʻo Manaʻo Kūpono 16-pule
ʻO ka hōʻike kanaka koʻikoʻi loa a hiki i kēia lā, mai kahi hoʻokolohua randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center i loko o 120 mau pākeke momona i piha i ka makahiki 25 a 55 mau makahiki, i paʻi ʻia ma Food & Nutrition Research (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
Ua loaʻa i nā mea komo he 450 mg/lā o Theolim a i ʻole kahi placebo i kūlike no 16 mau pule, ua hahai i kā lākou papaʻai maʻamau, a ua noi ʻia e hele no 30 mau minuke ʻelima mau lā o ka pule. Ua nānā ʻia ka nui o nā calorie i loko o ka papaʻai a ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā hui.
Ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ke ʻano: Ma hope o 16 mau pule, ua emi nui ke kaumaha o ka poʻe i lawe iā Theolim ma ka awelika (ma kahi o 4.25 kg) ma mua o ka poʻe i lawe i kahi placebo (ma kahi o 1 kg). Ua nui aʻe hoʻi ka emi ʻana o ka momona o ke kino (ma kahi o 4.28 kg vs 0.85 kg), a ua emi nui ko lākou BMI. Ua like mau ka nui o nā ʻiʻo, me ka piʻi iki ʻana o ka hui Theolim a me ka emi iki ʻana o ka hui placebo (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
Ka ʻāpana o ka pūhaka a me ka ʻūhā: Ua hoʻemi ʻia ke anapuni o ka pūhaka ma ka awelika o 4.32 cm ma ka hui Theolim e kūʻē i ka 2.10 cm ma ka placebo, a me ke anapuni o ka ʻūhā e 3.16 cm e kūʻē i ka 1.31 cm, ʻelua mau mea koʻikoʻi i ka helu ʻana e kūʻē i ka placebo ma ka pule 16 (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
Ka nui o ka metabolism hoʻomaha: Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka metabolic hoʻomaha mai ka baseline pre-dose ma ka awelika o 459 kcal/lā ma ka hui Theolim ma ka pule 16, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi 102 kcal/lā ma ka hui placebo (p <0.001 vs. placebo). Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka lakio hoʻololi hanu ma ka hui Theolim ma nā pule 8 a me 16, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka hoʻonui pili ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka momona ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu, ʻoiai ua kaupalena ʻia ka wehewehe lapaʻau o kēia ana ma kahi kaʻawale (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
Biomarkers: ʻO ka serum GLP-1, kahi hormone i komo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka makemake a me ka hana metabolic, ua piʻi aʻe ma kahi o 33% mai ka baseline ma ka hui Theolim i ka pule 16 (p < 0.001 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. placebo). Ua piʻi aʻe ka serum adiponectin ma kahi o 52% mai ka baseline, ʻoiai ua emi nui ka ghrelin i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka baseline a me ka placebo.
ʻO ka ʻikepili lipid a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka insulin: Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka cholesterol LDL, ka lakio LDL/HDL, a me HOMA-IR, kahi māka i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka insulin, i ka hui Theolim i ka pule 16 e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka placebo (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi ākea o kēia mau loli biomarker i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o kahi mea hoʻohui meaʻai e pono ai kahi noiʻi kūʻokoʻa hou aʻe.
ʻAʻohe hanana ʻino koʻikoʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua like nā hanana liʻiliʻi e like me ke poʻo ʻeha, ka nausea, a me ke kuni ma waena o nā hui, a ua noho nā ʻano hematological a me biochemical āpau i loko o nā pae maʻamau ma o (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
Ka Loiloi Palekana Preclinical
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā haʻawina palekana preclinical i mālama ʻia ma lalo o nā alakaʻi OECD kahi hōʻike o ka ʻawaʻawa nui a i ʻole ka hōʻino genetic e pili ana me Theolim ma nā dosis i hoʻāʻo ʻia. ʻAʻole i hōʻike nā haʻawina holoholona kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe koʻikoʻi i nā māka olakino, ka hana o ke kino, a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā ʻiʻo (Kundimi et al., 2023).
Pōʻaiapili a me nā Palena
Ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma India a ua kākoʻo ʻia kekahi hapa e ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a paʻi ʻia i loko o nā puke pai i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa ma hope o nā alakaʻi Good Clinical Practice, ʻo ka hana hou kūʻokoʻa i loko o nā heluna kanaka ʻEulopa e hoʻohui i ka hilinaʻi i nā mea i loaʻa. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa nā hoʻokolohua i nā pākeke momona me nā BMI ma waena o 25 a me 29.9 kg/m², a ʻaʻole paha e pili nā hopena i nā poʻe ma waho o kēia pae a i ʻole me nā kūlana olakino koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena me ka ʻai maʻamau a me ka papahana hele wāwae haʻahaʻa (Chadalavada et al., 2025).
'Ōlelo Aʻo: He mea hoʻohui meaʻai ʻo Theolim, ʻaʻole ia he huahana lāʻau lapaʻau i laikini ʻia, a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e ʻike, mālama, ho'ōla, a pale aku paha i kekahi maʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku me nā kūlana olakino mua a i ʻole ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūkākūkā me kahi loea mālama ola kino kūpono ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
E hoʻomaopopo '
Ammatalli, NKR, Kuricheti, SSSK, Veeramachaneni, S., Koo, YK, Ramanathan, G. a me Yalamanchi, A. (2024) 'He hui o Citrus aurantifolia ʻili hua a me Theobroma koko Hoʻonui ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana o nā hua ʻōpala i nā helu metabolic i nā kumuhana momona: kahi randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study', ʻImi ʻAi a me nā meaʻai, 68, ʻatikala 10745. Loaʻa ma: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.10745
Chadalavada, A., Koo, YK, Kim, S., Veeramachaneni, S., Ramanathan, G. a me Yalamanchi, A. (2025) 'A thermogenic botanical composition i loa'a. Citrus aurantifolia ʻili hua a me Theobroma koko Hoʻomaikaʻi nā ʻāpana hua i ke ʻano o ke kino i nā pākeke momona: kahi noiʻi lapaʻau', ʻImi ʻAi a me nā meaʻai, 69, ʻatikala 12159. Loaʻa ma: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v69.12159
Kundimi, S., Chinta, G., Alluri, KV, Golakoti, T., Veeramachaneni, S., Ramanathan, G. a me Sengupta, K. (2023) 'O ka loiloi palekana preclinical o LN19183: acute, subchronic, dermal, ocular and genotoxicity studies', Lastical R&D nutractor, unpublished R&D nutrascript, unpublished R&D Nutrascript. Vijayawada, ʻĪnia.
ʻO Kundimi, S., Chinta, G., Alluri, KV, Golakoti, T., Veeramachaneni, S., Ramanathan, G. a me Sengupta, K. (2024) 'ʻO kahi ʻano hana botanical synergistic e hoʻonui i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka ikehu hoʻomaha a hōʻemi i ka momona i nā ʻiole i hānai ʻia me ka meaʻai momona kiʻekiʻe', Ka Nupepa o ka American Nutrition Association, 43(3), pp. 286–295. Loaʻa ma: https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2280777
ʻŌlelo Hoʻokuʻu: ʻAʻole i loiloi ʻia ka ʻŌlelo e ka EFSA, KFDA a i ʻole FDA. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia kēia huahana e ʻike, mālama, ho'ōla, a pale paha i kekahi maʻi. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā kuhikuhi hilinaʻi, ʻaʻole mākou e hana i kekahi mau koi a i ʻole nā hōʻoia kikoʻī. He mea nui e kūkākūkā me kāu kākā'ōlelo mālama ola no ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pilikino a me ke alakaʻi e pili ana i kou olakino.
