Lycopene a cikin rigakafin cututtukan zuciya 

Cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (CVDs) sun kasance kan gaba wajen haifar da mace-mace a duk duniya, suna yin lissafin kusan mutuwar mutane miliyan 17.9 a duk shekara, a cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO, 2021). Ci gaba da yaɗuwar CVDs ya haifar da bincike mai zurfi game da dabarun rigakafi, gami da ayyukan abinci. Daga cikin nau'o'in abinci daban-daban da aka yi nazari, lycopene, mai karfi antioxidant da ake samu a cikin tumatir da sauran jajayen 'ya'yan itatuwa, ya ba da kulawa sosai don rawar da zai iya takawa wajen rage hadarin cututtukan zuciya.  

Menene Lycopene? 

Lycopene carotenoid ne, wani nau'i na abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri da ke da alhakin ja, orange, da launin rawaya na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu yawa. Ba kamar sauran carotenoids, irin su beta-carotene, lycopene ba ya da aikin bitamin A. Duk da haka, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi antioxidant, wanda zai iya kawar da radicals kyauta da kuma rage damuwa na oxidative, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka na kullum, ciki har da CVDs. 

Har ila yau Karanta: Ta yaya Ganyayyaki Za Su Yi Amfani Wajen Gudanar da Ciwon sukari?

Tumatir da kayan tumatur, irin su tumatir miya, manna, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ruwan tumatir sune mafi kyawun tushen abinci na lycopene. Sauran hanyoyin sun hada da kankana, ruwan inabi mai ruwan hoda, guava, da gwanda. 

Hanyoyi na Lycopene a cikin rigakafin cututtukan zuciya 

An danganta yuwuwar Lycopene don hana CVDs zuwa ga antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, da abubuwan rage yawan lipid. A ƙasa akwai mahimman hanyoyin da lycopene na iya yin tasirin sa na cardioprotective: 

1. Ayyukan Antioxidant: Danniya na Oxidative, sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin free radicals da antioxidants, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin pathogenesis na atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, da sauran yanayin cututtukan zuciya. Ƙarfin ƙarfin antioxidant na Lycopene yana taimakawa wajen kawar da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) da kuma rage lalacewar oxidative ga lipids, sunadarai, da DNA. 
2. Tasirin Anti-Kumburi: Kumburi na yau da kullun shine alamar atherosclerosis da sauran CVDs. An nuna Lycopene don hana samar da cytokines pro-mai kumburi, irin su interleukin-6 (IL-6) da ƙwayar cuta necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), da kuma rage maganganun kwayoyin adhesion da ke cikin amsawar kumburi. 
3. Tasirin Rage Lipid: An danganta Lycopene tare da haɓakawa a cikin bayanan martaba na lipid, gami da raguwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) da haɓaka a cikin babban adadin lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Ana tsammanin waɗannan tasirin za a daidaita su ta ikon lycopene don hana oxidation na LDL-C, muhimmin mataki a cikin ci gaban atherosclerosis. 
4. Inganta Ayyukan Ƙarshen Ƙarshe: Endothelium, rufin ciki na tasoshin jini, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita sautin jijiyoyin jini da kwararar jini. An nuna Lycopene don haɓaka aikin endothelial ta hanyar ƙara yawan nitric oxide (NO), kwayoyin da ke inganta vasodilation da rage karfin jini. 
5. Ayyukan Antiplatelet: Lycopene kuma na iya hana haɗuwar platelet, rage haɗarin samuwar thrombus da abubuwan da ke faruwa na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini na gaba, kamar bugun zuciya da bugun jini. 

Har ila yau Karanta: Abinci 11 masu taimakawa rage hawan jini

Shaidar Epidemiological 

Yawancin nazarin cututtukan cututtuka sun bincika dangantakar dake tsakanin shan lycopene da hadarin cututtukan zuciya. Wani bincike-bincike na bincike na 21 mai yiwuwa ya gano cewa yawan cin abinci na lycopene yana da alaƙa da raguwar 14% a cikin haɗarin CVDs. Hakazalika, wani babban binciken ƙungiyar da ya ƙunshi mata sama da 39,000 ya gano cewa matakan plasma mafi girma na lycopene suna da alaƙa da ƙarancin haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. 

Baya ga cin abinci na abinci, nazarin ya kuma bincika dangantakar dake tsakanin matakan lycopene na jini da sakamakon cututtukan zuciya. Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Mujallar American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ya gano cewa mutanen da ke da mafi girman matakan jini na lycopene suna da ƙarancin haɗarin bugun jini na 39% idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke da mafi ƙarancin matakan. Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa lycopene na iya taka rawar kariya daga cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini. 

Har ila yau Karanta: Fa'idodin Kiwon Lafiya 6 na Moringa oleifera

gwajinsu 

Yayin da nazarin cututtukan cututtuka ke ba da haske mai mahimmanci, gwaje-gwaje na asibiti suna da mahimmanci don kafa dalili. Yawancin gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar bazuwar (RCTs) sun bincika sakamakon haɓakar lycopene akan abubuwan haɗari na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 

1. Ruwan jini: Wannan meta-bincike na 10 RCTs tare da mahalarta 688 sun gano cewa kariyar lycopene ya rage yawan karfin jini na systolic (SBP) ta 2.63 mmHg, musamman a cikin mutane masu hawan jini. Duk da yake raguwar hawan jini na diastolic (DBP) ba shi da mahimmanci gabaɗaya, ya inganta a cikin batutuwa tare da haɓakar DBP. Bincike ya nuna cewa lycopene na iya amfana da tsarin hawan jini a cikin marasa lafiya masu hauhawar jini. 
2. Bayanan martaba: Meta-bincike ta Ried and Fakler (2011) ya sake nazarin binciken 12 akan cholesterol da kuma nazarin 4 akan hawan jini, wanda ya rufe gwajin shiga tsakani daga 1955 zuwa 2010. Gwajin sun dade aƙalla na makonni 2. Kariyar Lycopene ta rage girman LDL cholesterol (~ 10%) da hawan jini na systolic. Koyaya, ƙananan allurai ba su da tasiri mai mahimmanci, suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatarwa. 
3. Kumburi da Damuwar Oxidative: Gwajin gwajin da bazuwar ya haɗa da maza masu lafiya 126 waɗanda suka karɓi ko dai 6 MG, 15 mg lycopene, ko placebo kowace rana don makonni 8. Ƙungiyar 15 MG ta nuna ingantaccen aikin endothelial, rage yawan damuwa na oxidative, da ƙananan alamun kumburi. Lycopene kuma ya ƙãra ayyukan superoxide dismutase (SOD) da ingantaccen girman ƙwayar LDL. An fi bayyana fa'idodin a cikin waɗanda ke da ƙarancin aikin endothelial na farko. Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa lycopene na iya inganta lafiyar jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar rage yawan damuwa da ƙumburi, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da tasirinsa na tsawon lokaci na zuciya. 

Tasirin Lafiyar Jama'a 

Ganin girman nauyin CVDs, akwai buƙatar buƙata don ingantattun dabarun rigakafi. Lycopene, azaman fili mai faruwa ta halitta tare da kaddarorin kariya na zuciya da yawa, yana ɗaukar alkawari azaman saƙon abinci. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don ƙayyade mafi kyawun sashi, tsawon lokaci, da nau'i na ƙarin lycopene don lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 

Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya kamata su mayar da hankali kan inganta yawan amfani da kayan abinci masu amfani da lycopene, irin su tumatir da kayan tumatur, a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen abinci. Kamfen na ilimi na iya wayar da kan jama'a game da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na lycopene da ƙarfafa mutane su haɗa waɗannan abinci a cikin abincin yau da kullun. 

Lycopene, mai ƙarfi antioxidant da aka samu a cikin tumatir da sauran jajayen 'ya'yan itace, ya fito a matsayin abin da ke da alƙawarin tsarin abinci don rigakafin cututtukan zuciya. Its antioxidant, anti-mai kumburi, lipid-ragewan, da endothelial-kariyar kaddarorin sa ya zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki a cikin yaki da CVDs. Yayin da cututtukan cututtuka da na asibiti suna ba da shaida mai karfi na tasirin lycopene na cututtukan zuciya, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kafa takamaiman shawarwari don amfani da shi wajen rigakafin cututtuka na zuciya. A halin yanzu, haɓaka yawan amfani da kayan abinci mai wadatar lycopene na iya zama dabara mai sauƙi kuma mai inganci don haɓaka lafiyar zuciya. 

Disclaimer: EFSA, KFDA ko FDA ba ta kimanta bayanin ba. Ba a yi nufin wannan samfurin don tantancewa, magani, warkewa, ko hana kowace cuta ba. Duk da yake bayanin da aka bayar ya dogara ne akan sahihan nassoshi, ba mu yin takamaiman da'awa ko garanti. Yana da mahimmanci a tuntuɓi mai ba ku shawara na kiwon lafiya don keɓaɓɓen shawara da jagora mai alaƙa da lafiyar ku.  

References: 

• Agarwal, S., & Rao, AV (2000). Tumatir lycopene da rawar da yake takawa a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam da cututtuka na yau da kullun. Jaridar Ƙungiyar Likitocin Kanada, 163 (6), 739-744. 
• Cheng, HM, Koutsidis, G., Lodge, JK, Ashor, A., Siervo, M., & Lara, J. (2017). Tumatir da ƙari na lycopene da abubuwan haɗari na zuciya: nazari na yau da kullun da meta-bincike. Atherosclerosis, 257, 100-108. 
• Abubuwan hana lycopene akan kunna platelet a cikin in vivo da rigakafin thrombus a cikin vivo 
• Fuhrman, B., Elis, A., & Aviram, M. (1997). Tasirin hypocholesterolemic na lycopene da β-carotene yana da alaƙa da kashe haɗin cholesterol da haɓaka ayyukan mai karɓar LDL a cikin macrophages. Hanyoyin Sadarwar Bincike na Halittu da Halitta, 233 (3), 658-662. 
• Gajendragadkar, PR, Hubsch, A., Maki-Petaja, KM, Serg, M., Wilkinson, IB, & Cheriyan, J. (2014). Hanyoyin haɓakar ƙwayar lycopene na baka akan aikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya da masu aikin sa kai masu lafiya: Gwajin gwajin da bazuwar. Jaridar Abinci, 144 (5), 654-660.  
• Gärtner, C., Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (1997). Lycopene ya fi bioavailable daga tumatir manna fiye da sabobin tumatir. Jaridar Amirka ta Abincin Abinci, 66 (1), 116-122. 
• Karppi, J., Laukkanen, JA, Sivenius, J., Ronkainen, K., & Kurl, S. (2012). Serum lycopene yana rage haɗarin bugun jini a cikin maza: Nazarin bin diddigin yawan jama'a. Kwayoyin cuta, 79 (15), 1540-1547.  
• Kim, JY, Paik, JK, Kim, OY, Park, HW, Lee, JH, Jang, Y., & Lee, JH (2011). Tasirin kari na lycopene akan damuwa na oxidative da alamomin aikin endothelial a cikin maza masu lafiya. Atherosclerosis, 215 (1), 189-195. 
• Lycopene a cikin rigakafin cututtukan zuciya 
• Palozza, P., Catalano, A., Simone, RE, Mele, MC, & Cittadini, A. (2011). Tasirin samfuran lycopene da tumatir akan ƙwayar cholesterol. Littattafai na Gina Jiki da Metabolism, 59(2-4), 127-134. 
• Rao, AV, & Agarwal, S. (1999). Matsayin antioxidant lycopene a cikin ciwon daji da cututtukan zuciya. Jaridar Kwalejin Gina Jiki ta Amirka, 18 (5), 563-569. 
• Ried, K., & Fakler, P. (2011). Tasirin kariya na lycopene akan ƙwayar cholesterol da hawan jini: Meta-nazarin gwaje-gwajen shiga tsakani. Maturitas, 68 (4), 299-310.  
• Sesso, HD, Buring, JE, Norkus, EP, & Gaziano, JM (2003). Plasma lycopene, sauran carotenoids, da retinol da hadarin cututtukan zuciya a cikin mata. Jaridar Amirka ta Abincin Abinci, 79 (1), 47-53.  
• Sesso, HD, Buring, JE, Norkus, EP, & Gaziano, JM (2012). Plasma lycopene, sauran carotenoids, da retinol da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini a cikin maza. Jaridar Amirka ta Abincin Abinci, 96 (1), 46-52.  
• Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). (2021). Cututtukan zuciya (CVDs).  
• Ƙarin Lycopene da Hawan Jini: Bita na Tsare-tsare da meta-nazarin gwaji na bazuwar